Painting is an excellent tool to express own self and relieve stress.
Have you ever wanted to paint beautiful, expressive paintings with oils? Here are some basics to guide you into the wonderful world of oil paints. Once you've got the basic techniques down pat, the world is your canvas!
1. Choose a place to work where there is good ventilation--a window or door can be opened, or good ventilation can be turned on, and/or you have a fairly open space where air can circulate and move around. If you paint outside, remember that you will need to set up securely so the wind won't blow things over. Note that insects, especially bees, love Citrus Thinner.
2. Adjust your easel so that you can easily touch the painting surface without bending down or standing on tip-toes while holding the brush. Hold your brush at or behind the bulge behind its ferrule (the silver part). You will stand for hours, so make sure you won't strain your back. Standing is better than sitting, but if you must sit, paint at arm's length from the easel.
3. Put down a drop cloth, plastic bag, or tarp. Secure the edges with masking tape to keep it from bunching up or blowing away. Your work area is going to stand entirely on the drop cloth, so make sure you have covered enough area to have plenty of elbow room. If you plan on working at a table with a table easel, cover the floor below you and the table top.
4. Put on your painting clothes.
5. Set up your paints. Have enough room for your palette, brushes and palette knife, solvent and solvent/oil containers, rags and paint tubes to be comfortably displayed, readily available for you to use.
* You need to have one container with just solvent, and the other with medium. A standard painting medium is 1 part oil to 2 parts solvent. The most common oil is linseed and its varieties (refinded, cold pressed, or stand oils) but some painters use safflower, walnut or poppy oils. Alkyd resin and Japan drier can be added to the painting medium to speed drying time.
Consider putting the medium in a squirt bottle. You can squirt the contents onto the palette to work into your paint. Put the solvent (mineral spirits, or brush cleaning fluid) in a closeable container.
* If you choose to buy a variety of paint colors, try not to get excited about squeezing every single color onto your palette before you begin to paint, as this will waste a lot of paint. Give yourself 2 or three colors to start with and go from there. See the Tips below. (Though sometimes it is good to have the entire range in front of you, be conscious of colors not yet on your palette).
6. Paint. This part really depends on what you want to produce. However, there are certain things to keep in mind no matter what you're painting.
* For example, oil paints have a short blending life on the canvas. It is not hard to turn an area into a dull brown mud spot if there are a lot of repetitive layers and alterations made. If you try to alter something and it doesn't work immediately, grab a rag and wipe it off. All the paint from that area will come off.
* Oils take a while to dry, so you have time to remove paint for almost 24 hours after the application. Just like any other paint, if you make the first coat too thick, it won't dry all the way.
7. Clean your brushes (see below how to clean brushes) well between color changes. When you are ready to remove paint from your brush and use a different color, wipe as much paint off with a rag as you can before putting the brush into the thinner. This will make your thinner last longer and will remove more paint from the brush. Swish your brush in the thinner container, then dry it off with a rag.
8. Give your work of art its space. When the first layer is complete, it will be about 48 hours before it will be dry enough to do the second application without smearing your first day's work. Don't leave your work in an area that is especially hot, or humid, and keep it in an area where it won't get smeared, scraped, touched, brushed up against, smooshed, etc.
9. If there is a good amount of paint left on your palette that can be used next time, use your palette knife to scrape the "good" paint together, then dampen a clean rag with thinner just slightly and wipe the rest of your palette clean. Use a piece of saran wrap to cover the leftover paint, wrapping it fairly snug.
10. Wipe dirty brushes off as much as possible with clean rags and then swish in the thinner, until there doesn't appear to be paint coming off of the brush. Do this to all of your used brushes. Under lukewarm running water, hold a bar of mild hand soap in one hand, then run the brush along the soap, as if you were painting on the soap. Go with the direction of the bristles until
no paint runs off the brush. Hold the bristles between your index finger and thumb, under the running water, making sure none of the bristles are bent or frayed out. Press firmly with your thumbnail from the base of the bristles to the tip with your index finger firm against the back, opposite your thumb, until no paint comes out of the brush. Rinse soap out thoroughly, and wrap
a clean rag or paper towels around the bristles of the clean, rinsed brushes, pressing to absorb excess water. Doing this after painting rather than waiting until the next time you want to paint gives the brushes time to dry completely, because you can't paint with them if they are wet.
11. Put the lid on the thinner container and leave it until next time, regardless of how cloudy it is. When the thinner settles, the pigment in the paint goes to the bottom, and clean thinner settles on top. The next time you want to paint, you can pour the clean thinner into a clean container, wipe the pigment from the bottom, then pour the thinner back into your thinner container, ready to go. (This process saves a lot of money!)
Tips
- If you have a hard time getting the paint off of your hands, baby oil or olive oil works really well.
- If you decide to only purchase the primary colors, squeeze a spot the size of a dime of Cadmium Yellow, Cadmium Red, and Ultramarine Blue on your palette, spacing them as far apart as you can, as if you were dotting the points of a triangle. Now put a portion of the Titanium White about the size of a nickel in the very center. Use your palette knife to mix colors.
- A recommended 10-tube palette is Cadmium Red, Alizarin Crimson, Cadmium Orange, Cadmium Yellow, Viridian, Ultramarine Blue, Phthalo Blue, Dioxazine Purple, small Mars Black, and large Titanium White.
- A great exercise to begin with is to use primary colors to create various shades of gray from white to black, and paint in black and white. This gives you a great opportunity to understand value and contrast.
- The thinner/oil mix seems to last longer than just the thinner between cleaning, but when it gets really cloudy, it doesn't separate. Properly dispose of the old mix, and don't mix again until ready to use.
- When applying colors, overcompensate your color values. That way it will be more difficult for your paintings to have a bland, tired look.
- In the process of creating an oil painting, it is important to remember what "stage" the painting is in before setting up to work on it. A good rule is to work using what is known as a "thin to fat" or "fat over lean" approach. This means that your first application of paint to the canvas needs to be thinner and less "oily." That is why the thinner oil mix consists of 1 part oil to 2 parts thinner. As you progress through the stages of the painting, each application will have a bit more oil, and a bit less thinner.
- When painting outside, be sure your canvas and your palette are not in direct sunlight. Shade your canvas and palette, because if you paint with the canvas in direct sunlight, it will cause you to mix your colors incorrectly. When you get home and look at your painting, it will be dark and muddy.
- Try sketching your subject in on the canvas first with a lot of thinner and little bit of Raw Sienna. It will help you stay focused when painting outside.
- A limited palette is recommended when painting outside as well. You can mix the colors you need and won't have to drag all of your paints out into the field.
Caution
- The materials used when oil painting are serious, hazardous materials. Always know exactly what you are working with, and read the labels first before thinking of using it. Know the proper way to dispose of these hazardous materials according to where you live and their requirements. Work with serious care at all times while using and handling oil paint.
- Always keep your eyes on the painting.
- Do not store flammable materials in enclosed areas if they have been used with thinner or walnut or linseed oil. Thinner and oil mediums are combustible.
- If thinner gets on your skin, it can cause irritation. Pay close attention so you know if additional measures must be taken.
Essentials
Oil paints (if on a budget, the only colors you need are Cadmium Red, Cadmium Yellow, Ultramarine Blue, Titanium White)
Color wheel (to assist with the correct combinations for specific colors, and to help you understand how complementary colors can be used)
Walnut or Linseed Oil (to combine with pigments to create your own paint, if desired)
Brushes (Connoisseur's Hog Bristle or any bristle in sizes 10&4, 2, 4, & 8 Round, 6 & 8 Flat, and a 1 Filbert. You will find which brushes suit you most though.)
Thinner or Turpentine or Turpenoid (to rinse brushes while painting and create thinner wash techniques). This is seriously flammable, so be careful.
Palette knife (smaller knives make less of a mess, and you'll find yourself using less paint)
Two containers with lids that hold your thinner and walnut or linseed oil while painting
10"x13" paint palette
Storage box like a tackle or tool box
Canvas to paint on (stretch it yourself or buy pre-stretched and primed)
Easel (optional)
Drop cloth, painting clothes, and gloves
Rags
How to clean Oil Paint brushes
Cleaning paint brushes which have been used for oil paints or varnish can be a chore and result in dried paint clogging the brush if not done thoroughly. You can also use a lot of turps in the process! An easy and economical way to clean them is as follows.
1.Obtain three glass jars, preferably with interchangeable lids, an empty tin such as a tuna tin and some rags or newspaper
2.Number the jar lids 1, 2 and 3.
3.Fill the jars about a third full with mineral turps
4.Clean as much paint off the brush as possible with rag or newspaper
5.Pour the contents of jar 1 into the tin and work the brush in it
6.Shake as much turps off as possible and again clean the brush with paper or rag.
7.Pour the turps back into jar 1 and repeat with jars 2 and 3.
8.Your brush is now perfectly clean and can be put away wrapped in newspaper
9.The paint in jar 1 will settle to the bottom in time and the clear liquid can be poured off the top.
10.When jar 1 becomes too dirty to use, throw away the contents, clean and fill with clean turps as before.
11.Rotate the lids so that jar 2 becomes jar 1, jar 3 becomes jar 2 and the now clean jar becomes 3. This process can be repeated indefinitely and uses only a minimum of turps.
Make Sure
ONLY use the above system for turps based paints. Separate jars must be used for thinners based products.
If you are going to re-use the brush within a short time, ie. in the next 48 hours, put a few drops of turps in a plastic bag which has no holes, and seal around the head of the brush with an elastic band so that it is airtight. Squeeze out as much air as possible.
To ensure oil based paint does not go hard in the tin, add about a teaspoon of turps, close tightly and always store upside down.
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